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The MIT-spinoff building SPARC, a commercial net-energy fusion power plant
HQ: Devens, MA, United States (fusion campus) | Founded: 2018 | Employees: 1,000+ (2025, est.) | Stage: Growth-stage; >$4B raised; building SPARC | Website: https://cfs.energy
Commonwealth Fusion Systems was spun out of MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) in 2018 to commercialize net-energy fusion. Its founders are leading plasma physicists — Bob Mumgaard (CEO), Brandon Sorbom, Dan Brunner, Martin Greenwald, Dennis Whyte, and Zach Hartwig — and the company developed under a strategic incubation agreement with MIT and Eni (the Italian energy major, also an early investor).\n\nThe core innovation is high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. These enable much stronger magnetic fields than conventional copper or low-temperature superconducting magnets, which in turn lets CFS build a compact tokamak (SPARC) that can achieve net energy gain in a machine a fraction of the size and cost of historical designs like ITER. The two-step roadmap: demonstrate Q
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